Table 1 Reproductive characteristics of dams

Total fetus

86

64

55

VIA

75 (87.21%)

63 (98.44%)

48 (87.27%)

Non-VIA

11 (12.79%)^a

1 (1.56%)^b

7 (12.73%)^a

Overall ovulation rate

19.17 ± 3.66

20.29 ± 3.82

20.14 ± 2.41

Effective ovulation rate

19.17 ± 3.66^a

9.86 ± 2.79^b

20.14 ± 2.41^a

Litter size

14.33 ± 3.01^a

9.14 ± 2.12^b

7.86 ± 1.46^b

Embryonic survival rate (%)

76.03 ± 16.60^b

93.98 ± 7.56^a

39.34 ± 7.49^c

Fetal survival rate (%)

67.79 ± 26.12^b

91.93 ± 7.59^a

33.69 ± 9.70^c